Wall construction



-A. C. RAYMOND.

WALL CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. II. |9I5.

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A. C. RAYMOND. WALL CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION FILED Nov. s, I9I5.

Patented J an. 6, 1920.

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ALONZO C. RAYMOND, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

WALL CONSTRUCTION.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented. Jan.. 6, 1920.

Application mea November s, 1915. serial No. 60,218.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, ALONZO C. RAYMOND, a citizen of the United States, residing at Detroit, county of Wayne, State of Michigan, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Wall Construction, and declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it pertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to wall construction, especially partition walls in re-proof buildings with concrete or hard clay tile floors and ceilings, and has for its object a partition wall which may be made relatively thi-n or thick as desired, and which by reason of its peculiar construction has a maximum fire-resisting capacity.

A further feature is the stability of thel wall due to the absolute elimination of mortar as a binding agent, and the substitution of metal reinforcing members which hold the different blocks of the wall together and anchor them to both ioor and ceiling.

A still further feature due to the elimination of the mortar work is the cheapness of construction, as all masonry work by skilled masons is done away with and the same amount of unskilled labor will in the same period of time erect with my system three times as many feet of more stable wall of the same thickness than does the average mason with mortar and trowel.

Another important feature is that the blocks do not require to be staggered as in masonry construction and can be laid in perfectly straight vertical rows, thereby allowing the interior openings that I use in the blocks to register so that piping and other conduits may be run up through the passage-ways made by the registering blocks. In the bottom rows nailing blocks may be inserted and surrounded with stad.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a view of my partition wall,

a part being covered with plaster.

Fig. 2 is a perspective of one of theblocks I employ showing recesses on horizontal sides forming trenches to be filled by plasterer to prevent passage of air.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of a part of a partition wall built withblocks according to my invention.

Fig. 4c is a horizontal section of a part ofv a partition wall built with slabs or tiles instead of such blocks as shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a perspective of one of the ends of the metal studs.

Fig. 6 is a perspective of the lower end of one of the metal studs when used on the top of a door or window frame.

Fig. 7 is a detail in horizontal cross section showing how the studs support the blocks. y f

Fig. 8 is a similar view showing the type of stud used adjacent a window frame or door post.

Fig. 9 is' a similar view showing the type of stud used to form a corner in my partition wall.

Fig. 10 is a detail lin vertical section showing how the solid blocks, slabs or'tiles fit. together one abovetheother in step fashion.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary perspective showing the type of stud that I use to'set up the final row of vertical blocks, tiles or slabs adjacent the wall of building or a door or window frame.

Fig. 12 is a view showing how the rst tier of blocks, tiles or slabs is set up and the method of inclosing their free ends in the next stud to be setin place.

Fig. 13 is a detail in section showinghow the end of the stud is inserted in the ceiling and the recess filled with grouting.

Figs. 14 and 1 5 show how the studs may be fastened to some of the metal beams of the metal skeleton work of the building, when as frequently happens it is necessary to run a partition lengthwise lof steel beams inclosing it at top and bottom. i

Referring to Fig. 1, it will be seen that a plurality of metal studs a extend from the floor to the ceiling. Holes or slots are made in the concrete or hard clay tile ceiling and floor adapted to receive the end extensions b, which are only the extended websof the channel bars whichl form the studs. These 'IIS slots are clearly shown in Figs. 12 and 13.

.Where the studs rest on the top of a door or window frame, such form of foot as is shown in Fig. 6 is used. In this form thek web is extended and bent to form feet c which may rest uponv the top of the door frame and be screwed or nailed thereto.

In Fig. 12 the method by which the partition wall is constructed is shown. The stud tothe left abuts against the wall of the building. This is put in place by nails driven into the mortar joints of the brlck wall.

The blocks al are then inserted one upon the other until they reach from the floor to the ceiling. Then the next succeeding stud a is inserted into holes or-slots previously drilled in the ceiling and floor. After the ends have been put in place, the space about the extensions b and the slots into which they lit is filled with grouting as shown in Fig. 13 to hold the stud in place. This stud is a double stud of the form shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The operation is then repeated until what might be termed a final vertical row is reached, that is to say, the last row which abuts against one of the opposite walls of the building or window frame or door frame. In this event such a form of stud as shown in Fig. 11 is required. In this form one of the flanges of the channel bar must be turned out so that the blocks may be slipped in from the sides, and inasmuch as it is much easier to turn in small portions than a complete flange, I prefer to use lips a: in place of a complete flange as these can be turned in easily and they will serve the same purpose as a complete flange. The studs at these final positions are also constructed of thinner metal as they are not subjected to the stresses that come on the intermediate studs which are really supporting and reinforcing members for the partition walls. It is desirable to construct these final studs of thinner metal so that Vthe lips can be easily bent in.

One of the features of my invention is the use of the narrow studs a, which are narrower than the blocks d which they support. This is made possible by the use of ribs` e on the edges of the blocks. This has at least two advantages. It very much lessens the cost of the studs which otherwise would be almost a prohibitive expense, especially in the thinner types of walls, and further, when the wall is finished with the plaster coats, the studs are quite deeply embedded in the wall proper, and the vertical grooves made adjacent the studs afford sufficient surfaces for the plaster coats to cling to so as to not require any additional means` for holding the plaster in -place over the metal studs.

Heretofore with the surfaces of metal studs iush with the outside surfaces of the wall, it has been found necessary to either roughen the metal studs in some way or else attach an additional roughened surface like metal lath to thestud to give the plaster a proper surface to .cling to. All this is avoided by my partition wall.

A corner stud is shown in Fig. 9, which it will be seen comprises two channel bars riveted together through the back of one channel bar and thei side ofthe other channel bar.

Now referring to Fig. 4, it will be Seen that by locating the ribs at a slightly different position on the edge of the tiles or slabs (such a form of construction having tiles or slabs in place of blocks) two sets of tiles or slabs can be used so as to form a wall of the same thickness as that shown in Fig. 3, or for that matter, a thicker wall if desired.

In the -form of wall shown in Fig, 4, spacing members or staffs are used which are poured and allowed to set between the slabs or tiles in accordance with my partition described in my previous Patent No. 829,671. This forms a dead air space between the tiles or slabs with all the advantages of such a medium, such as nonconductivity of sound and the like.

The bottoms and the tops of the tiles or 7slabs are provided with rlbs as shown in Fig. 10, forming a step-like joint, which prevents the passage of air and sound.

It will be noted in Fig. 2 that the horizontal sides of the blocks are provided with grooves or recesses y, the purpose of which is to form trenches such as shown in Fig. 1 for the reception of plaster or grouting, to prevent the passage of air between the abutting edges of the blocks.

By reason of this type of studs which ar provided with channel bar portions to fit over the ribs on the edges of the blocks, it will be seen that the blocks are arranged one above the other in vertical alinement, and hence when the plaster-Paris blocks are molded with vertical openings j as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, these openings will register,-

making a suitable passage-way for electric wires, conduits, pipes, etc. This is a great advantage as parts of the blocks do not have to be broken to allow the passage of the pipe as is customary where blocks are laid 1n mortar. The plaster-Paris block may be very easily cut into without breaking the block,- and the portion cut out may he replaced and sealed again to the`block. This may become necessary in securing access to pipes, conduits, etc., located in the passageways formed by the vertically running apertures. It also may become necessary in placin the conduits, pipes, etc., in the partition wa l, but it is to be-understood that the partition wall is in no way injured by this method of cutting into it. This cutting operation is easily performed and after it has been done and the aperture again sealed by placing the removed portion back in place and sealing it, the partition Wall is in no Way injured.

What I claim is:

The method of constructing ireproof partitions, comprising the vertical placing of a metal stud having channels and anchored at top and bottom when so placed, the insertion of a tier of blocks having vertical ribs 10 on their ends, the placing of a second metal stud with a channel portion engaging the ribs on the free ends of the blocks, said stud being anchored in the iioor and ceiling, and the repeating of such operation as needed. 'l5

In testimony whereofl sign this specification. j

ALONZO O. RAYMOND. 

